Stinging Ideologies of Native-speakerism in Arabic linguistics: The legacy of the “oriental” linguist Sibawayh (by Aisha Barise)

Our guest blogger this week, Aisha Barisé, is a transdisciplinary language researcher and a PhD student specializing in language acquisition at the Department of Integrated Studies in Education (DISE) at McGill University. Her PhD research focuses on African and Black identity in relation to multi/plurilingualism in Canadian education.

The notion of a “native speaker” is a fuzzy term, that is traditionally a binary term used to describe a “mother tongue” (Skutnabb-Kangas & Phillipson, 1989) and that distinguishes an ideal speaker that acquired a language from birth relative to a non-native speaker who has acquired it as a second language (Davies, 2003, 2013). Currently this notion is undergoing criticism (e.g., Cook, 1999; Houghton & Bouchard, 2020), as it is based on purist and normative language ideologies rather reflecting discrete linguistic practices. Further, the notion hinders linguistic fluidity, by extension posing barriers to the sense of wellbeing, identity, and belonging of an individual. This notion is not a novel term, as it has implicit roots in linguistics dating back to early western linguists such as Leonard Bloomfield, for example in his (1933) notion native language where he defines it as: “the first language a human being learns to speak is his native language, he is a native speaker of this language” (p. 43). However, this notion surfaces explicitly through the work of the contemporary linguist Noam Chomsky (1965) (Davies 1991, 2003; Hackert, 2012).

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“Your English is very good!”: A compliment? (by Dr Zhongfeng Tian)

Zhongfeng Tian, our guest blogger this week, is originally from China, and a multilingual speaker of Mandarin and English with conversational fluency in Cantonese. He holds a PhD degree in Curriculum and Instruction from Boston College and is currently an Assistant Professor of TESOL/Applied Linguistics at the University of Texas at San Antonio. As a former ESL/EFL teacher, he worked with students of different age groups and cultural and linguistic backgrounds in China, Cambodia, and U.S. His research is theoretically grounded in translanguaging and critical pedagogies, and he strives to transform emergent bilinguals’ learning experiences through creating heteroglossic, meaningful educational contexts. He is the co-editor of two books: “Envisioning TESOL through a Translanguaging Lens: Global Perspectives” (Springer, 2020) and “English-Medium Instruction and Translanguaging” (Multilingual Matters, 2021).

As a former international student who is originally from China and has learned English as a foreign language, I have often got praised for my English skills in the U.S.: “Your English is very good!” or “You speak English very well”. While these comments affirmed my hard work in my past years of English learning and boosted my confidence to a certain degree, the more I heard them, the more I have felt conflicted about these “compliments”: they were just like constant reminders that I am not a “native” English speaker and I am an “outsider” in this country. Usually after this comment, people will follow up with a series of questions: “Where are you from?”, “Are you from China?”, and “How long have you been here?”, for example.

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